Here's a customer who tried the bell ringing approach - and it worked!

On arrival home the bells string was attached to the door to the outside. At first when we took Madi out, we would ring the bells and say
"potty" everytime we took her out. Sometimes she would accidentally ring them when playing and I immediately took her out, praising her if she performed and (gave) her a treat, nothing for no performance. The only snag was that being a very intelligent dachsie she would ring the bells to get a treat.This is solved by a random treat schedule, suggested by you. Now when she rings the bell , I'm pretty sure its for a real need to visit her spot.

Since the door to the outside from the family room is not always accessible when we are in the living room I have just recently put a second bell string on the inside of the door to the family room and it also seems to work very well. Any accidents are caused by people lapses (that is, if you don't) get to the door quickly, they cannot wait. As she gets older she is much as a baby, "staying dry" all night and will wait until morning,. The key seems to be understanding that your (dog) is smart, and wants to please, and having patience. The first week I was outside 5 to 8 times a day ... impossible for those who work, but modifiable for those who use a cage ... consistently, and keep paper nearby in a confined area. We are absolutely besotted with this little one . breeding does tell -- and your pups are superb.We have had many compliments, and I direct them to your site. Please feel free to use my comments.

PL

P.S. I introduced Madi to my grandaughters Furby yesterday, (and she) began talking ... (Furby) backed up about two feet listened intently, then growled deep in the throat and let out a string of several barks ... So she can bark...!